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CONNEXOR-Tagset
2. Syntactic Tags for German1
- The Verb chain
- The nominal phrase
- The adverbial phrase
- The prepositional phrase
- Sentence structure
- @CC
- @PREMARK
2.1 The Verb chain
In the present description, a multi-part verb of the type 'gesagt haben' or 'hättest sagen sollen' is treated as a verb chain consisting of a main verb (@MAIN) and one or two auxiliaries (@AUX). In each verb chain, the main verb is obligatory and auxiliaries are optional. Consider the following analysis of the sentence ' Das hättest du mir sagen sollen. ':
| Das | das | @NH | PRON |
| hättest | haben | @AUX | V SUB PAST |
| Du | du | @NH | PRON |
| mir | ich | @NH | @PRON |
| sagen | sagen | @MAIN | V INF |
| sollen | sollen | @AUX | V INF |
| . | . |
Exception: sentences with progressive participle forms and three infinitive forms get two main verbs. Consider the following analysis of the sentences ' Die Jungen liefen ein Lied singend über die Strasse. Sie hat ihn immer kommen lassen wollen. ':
| Die | die | @PREMOD | DET |
| Jungen | junge | @NH | N PL |
| liefen | laufen | @MAIN | V IND PAST |
| ein | ein | @PREMOD | DET |
| Lied | lied | @NH | N |
| singend | singen | @MAIN | V PCP PROG |
| über | über | @PREMARK | PREP |
| die | die | @PREMOD | DET |
| Strasse | strasse | @NH | N |
| . | . |
| Sie | sie | @NH | PRON |
| hat | haben | @AUX | V IND PRES |
| ihn | er | @NH | PRON |
| immer | immer | @ADVL | ADV |
| kommen | kommen | @MAIN | V INF |
| lassen | lassen | @MAIN | V INF |
| wollen | wollen | @AUX | V INF |
| . | . |
If participles appear inflected and function as premodifiers in a nominal phrase, they are marked as adjectives. Consider the following analysis of the sentence ' Sie ist eine geborene Siegerin. ', where the inflected participle form 'geborene' is tagged as an adjective:
| Sie | sie | @NH | PRON |
| ist | sein | @MAIN | V IND PRES |
| eine | eine | @PREMOD | DET |
| geborene | geboren | @PREMOD | A |
| Siegerin | siegerin | @NH | N |
| . | . |
2.2 The nominal phrase
In the present description, the nominal phrase consists of the nominal head, marked '@NH', and possible determiners, premodifiers and postmodifiers, marked @PREMOD and @POSTMOD. Consider the following analysis of the sentence ' Sie heiratete einen berühmten Mann aus Deutschland. ':
| Sie | sie | @NH | PRON |
| heiratete | heiraten | @MAIN | V IND PAST |
| einen | ein | @PREMOD | DET |
| berühmten | berühmt | @PREMOD | A |
| Mann | mann | @NH | N |
| aus | aus | @POSTMOD | PREP |
| Deutschland | Deutschland | @NH | N Prop |
| . | . |
The above sentence has three nominal phrases, "Sie", "einen berühmten Mann", and "Deutschland".
If two nouns occur one after the other, the first one can act as a premodifier for the second one, as in the name 'Michael Müller' in the following analysis of the sentence ' Michael Müller kommt aus Hamburg. ':
| Michael | Michael | @PREMOD | N Prop |
| Müller | Müller | @NH | N Prop |
| kommt | kommen | @MAIN | V IND PRES |
| aus | aus | @PREMARK | PREP |
| Hamburg | Hamburg | @NH | N Prop |
| . | . |
See the morphological description for more detailed information about determiners.
2.3 The adverbial phrase
In the present description, the adverbial phrase consists of the adverbial head '@ADVL' and optional premodifying adverbs marked '@PREMOD'. Consider the following analysis of the sentence ' Sie möchten doch so gern ihn sehen. ':
| Sie | sie | @NH | PRON |
| möchten | mögen | @AUX | V SUB PAST |
| doch | doch | @ADVL | ADV |
| so | so | @PREMOD | ADV |
| gern | gern | @ADVL | ADV |
| ihn | ihn | @NH | PRON |
| sehen | sehen | @MAIN | V INF |
| . | . | SB |
The above sentence has two adverbial phrases, "doch" and "so gern".
2.4 The prepositional phrase
In the present description, the prepositional phrase consists of a preposition and a nominal phrase, an adverbial phrase, or a verbal phrase. The nominal, adverbial, or verbal head is considered as the head of the prepositional phrase.
In the present description, distinction is made between two main types of prepositional phrase (1. and 2.).
2.4.1 prepositional phrase type 1
The prepositional phrase acts as a postmodifier of noun phrase. In this case the preposition is marked as '@POSTMOD'. Consider the following analysis of the sentence ' Die große Kunst von Johnny kriegt keiner hin. ':
| Die | die | @PREMOD | DET |
| große | gross | @PREMOD | A NP.First |
| Kunst | kunst | @NH | N NP.Internal |
| von | von | @POSTMOD | PREP NP.Internal |
| Johnny | Johnny | @NH | N Prop NP.Last |
| kriegt | kriegen | @MAIN | V IND PRES |
| keiner | kein | @NH | PRON |
| hin | hin | @ADVL | ADV |
| . | . | SB |
In the above sentence, the prepositional phrase 'von Johnny' postmodifies the nominal phrase 'Die große Kunst'. This is shown by the syntactic tag @POSTMOD of the preposition 'von'.
2.4.2 prepositional phrase type 2
The prepositional phrase acts as an adverbial. In this case the preposition is marked as '@PREMARK'. Consider the following analysis of the sentence ' Für euren Einsatz bekommt ihr kein Geld. ':
| Für | für | @PREMARK | PREP |
| euren | euer | @PREMOD | PRON |
| Einsatz | einsatz | @NH | N |
| bekommt | bekommen | @MAIN | V IND PRES |
| ihr | ihr | @NH | PRON |
| kein | kein | @PREMOD | DET |
| Geld | geld | @NH | N |
| . | . |
In the above sentence, the prepositional phrase 'Für euren Einsatz' is acting as an adverbial. This is shown by the syntactic tag @PREMARK of the preposition 'für'.
2.5 Sentence structure
In the present description, coordination markers are marked with the tag @CC. Consider the following analysis of the sentence ' Der sitzt hier und trinkt seinen Kaffee. ':
| Der | der | @NH | PRON |
| sitzt | sitzen | @MAIN | V IND PRES |
| hier | hier | @ADVL | ADV |
| und | und | @CC | CC |
| trinkt | trinken | @MAIN | V IND PRES |
| seinen | sein | @PREMOD | PRON |
| Kaffee | kaffee | @NH | N NP.Single |
| . | . | SB |
In the above example, the clauses "Der sitzt hier" and "trinkt seinen Kaffee" are coordinated with the coordination marker 'und', which is marked with the syntactic tag @CC.
Clause markers (subordinate conjunctions) are marked with the preposed marker tag @PREMARK. Consider the following analysis of the sentence ' Sarah hat erklärt, daß sie damit einverstanden ist. ':
| Sarah | Sarah | @NH | N Prop NP.Single |
| hat | haben | @AUX | V IND PRES |
| erklärt | erklären | @MAIN | V PCP PERF |
| , | , | ||
| daß | dass | @PREMARK | CS |
| sie | sie | @NH | PRON |
| damit | damit | @ADVL | ADV |
| einverstanden | einverstanden | @NH | A |
| ist | sein | @MAIN | V IND PRES |
| . | . | SB |
In the above example, the clause "daß sie damit einverstanden ist" is subordinate to the main clause "Sarah hat erklärt". This is indicated by the clause marker 'daß', which receives the syntactic tag @PREMARK.
In the present description, the infinitive phrase marker um is marked as @PREMARK. Consider the following analysis of the sentence ' Um das zu schaffen, musste er fliehen. ':
| Um | um | @PREMARK | CS |
| das | das | @NH | PRON |
| zu | zu | @PREMARK | PREP |
| schaffen | schaffen | @MAIN | V INF |
| , | , | ||
| musste | müssen | @AUX | V IND PAST |
| er | er | @NH | PRON |
| fliehen | fliehen | @MAIN | V INF |
| . | . |
In the above example, the infinitival clause "Um das zu schaffen" is subordinate to the main clause "musste er fliehen". This is marked by the infinitive phrase marker 'um', which receives the tag @PREMARK.
1: entnommen aus: Connexor, Machinese Language Model, Copyright © 1997-2006 Connexor Oy. All Rights Reserved. Confidential Information.